Research conducted in 2010 in East Java to identify factors associated with achieving and sustaining behavior change by communities to become ODF shows that communities achieving ODF status within two months of triggering achieved markedly higher access gains. In addition, evidence from environmental observation, latrine ownership records, reported usage, and observation of facility maintenance show that 95 percent of the quickly ODF communities had sustained their behavior change 4 to 28 months after ODF declaration. Factors associated with quickly ODF communities include high social capital, high-quality CLTS triggering, access to latrine supplies, easy payment terms, absence of external subsidy packages to a few households out of all, and regular monitoring. These quickly ODF communities represent the most efficient model for scaling up sustainably.
Nilanjana Mukherjee (WSP, 2011)