The CLTS process in Botswana has reached a point in its implementation through USAID's SAREP Programme (South Africa Region Environmental Programme) that it is now possible to introduce monitoring, evaluation (M&E) and ODF verification and Certification processes into the training. This toolkit and manual contains all forms and materials that are need for a CLTS monitoring team to be established in communities. It is aimed at CLTS facilitators and Natural Leaders who wish to take the next step in ensuring their community becomes Open Defecation Free (ODF).

Between 2010 and 2016, Plan Netherlands implemented a CLTS programme in 8 countries in Africa: Ethiopia, Uganda, Kenya, Malawi, Zambia, Ghana, Sierra Leone and Niger. This programme, although entitled ‘Empowering self-help sanitation of rural and peri-urban communities and schools in Africa’ soon became known as the Pan Africa Programme.

This paper explores intra-household variations in access to WASH through analysis of baseline data from the Undoing Inequity project in Zambia and Uganda. The purpose of which is to explore whether differences exist between head of household and 'vulnerable' individuals' (disabled, older or chronically ill persons) reports on access and use of WASH at the household level. The results indicate that water indicators reported by the household head eg use of the same water source, showed high levels of agreement between the head of the household and the 'vulnerable' individual.